Bac Company Profile - 904 Words

Bank of America Company Profile BJ Humphrey Overview Bank of America is a global financial services company headquartered in Charlotte, NC. It is one of the world’s largest financial institutions. Bank of America serves over 53 million customers. They serve these customers through 5,500 retail banking offices. Bank of America is known as a leader in the online banking world. Online alone the company services 30 million active users. The company serves customers in all 50 states and more than 40 countries. The company has numerous different lines of business and employs over 260,000 people. (Bank of America 2012) Historical Perspective The entire banking industry is made of mergers and acquisitions. The history of Bank†¦show more content†¦(Our Heritage, 2010) Bank of America continues to grow acquiring financial service companies like US Trust and Merrill Lynch. With a storied history in the financial services sector, and building of our country, Bank of America is the most fitting name. Lines of Business Bank of America focuses on 3 customers. They focus on the people, companies, and institutional investors. They are the leading provider of checking, savings, credit and debit cards, and home equity lending. Bank of America is the nation’s largest loan servicer offering numerous different home mortgage options. Bank of America is a strong hold in Global Corporate and Investment banking. The Bank also has a strong focus on financial advising and wealth management. The addition of Merrill Lynch has put Bank of America as the leader in Financial Services. Financial Position Bank of America, or BAC, is often one of the most popularly traded stocks. In April, the share price of BAC declined over 5% to $11.63. (Oleinic, 2013) As interest rates start to bottom out, the bank must constantly adjust to keep revenue up. Currently the 52 week range of BAC is $6.90 - $13.99. Although it has a larger 52 week range, the company is still somewhat stable. It has achieved this by building a strong balance sheet. In 2012 Revenue in millions was reported at $84,235 while Net income was reported at $4,188. Compared to 2011 revenue dropped almost $10,000 however Net income increased fromShow MoreRelatedFi564 Pnc Bank Analysis Essay2644 Words   |  11 PagesAnalysis Course Project Gloria Guzman FI564 Management of Financial Institutions Professor Tracy Thompson June 16, 2012 This comprehensive paper will analyze the financial standing of PNC Bank. In the first part o we will look at PNC Bank’s profile, mission statement and future direction. An analysis of PNC’s strengths and weaknesses based on PNC’s financial statements and ratios will be conducted. PNC will also be compared to the industry and to Bank of America. The Federal Reserve interestRead MoreEssay On Conpartum Profile1227 Words   |  5 PagesPostpartum Profiles Convalescent leave after delivery will be determined by the attending physician. This will normally be for 42 days. Convalescent leave after a termination of pregnancy (for example, miscarriage) will be determined on an individual basis. Prior to commencing convalescent leave, postpartum Soldiers will be issued a temporary profile for 45 days. If the soldier decides to return early, the temporary profile remains in effect. Soldiers will receive clearance from the profilingRead MorePROVISION OF EFFECTIVE AND EFFICIENT ADMINISTRATION2691 Words   |  11 Pages has been sourced from relevant books or online and has been mentioned in the reference or bibliography and any information specific to the program is in my own words and I conform to the authenticity of the same. 2. Introduction ABOUT MY COMPANY – WHAT NGA DO AND WHAT NGA STAND FOR NorthgateArinso (NGA) is a market-leading global Human Resources services provider offering innovative HR business solutions through HR Technology, HR Outsourcing (HR BPO), and HR Consulting. NGA help employersRead MoreThe Collapse of Bank of America: Causes, Effects, and Analysis1121 Words   |  4 Pagesclassified into market, economic, and management factors. The management practices that contributed to the collapse of the financial institution include foreclosures, payment of huge bonuses despite of the government bailout, and the tendency by the company to dodge taxes. In relation to the economic and market factors, the firms collapse is linked to the significant impacts brought by the global credit crisis. While various departments were affected by the credit crisis, financial institutions thatRead MoreRussian Artist : Mikhail Nikolaevitch Baryshnikov1689 Words   |  7 Pagesdancers and choreographers. Baryshnikov explore other professional opportunities and he was nominated for an Academy Award for his acting in the dance world drama The Turning Point in 1977. While he spent a lot of time working behind the scenes on BAC, Baryshnikov never stepped away from performing. He made a memorable guest appearance in the cable comedy Sex and the City as a Russian artist and the love interest of Sarah Jessica Parker from 2003 to 2004. Despite knee troubles, Baryshnikov continuedRead MoreVietnam Internet Data Center Report9450 Words   |  38 Pages2007.............................................................................. 13 3.6 Market Forecast [total floor space now/projected], Location Comparison [between cities] ............. 13 4. Part II – DATA CENTRE SERVICE PROVIDER OVERVIEW [Profiles] ........................................... 15 4.1 Telecommunication (Telcos) ................................................................................................... 15 Vietnam Post and Telecommunications Group (VNPT) ..............Read MoreVietn am Internet Data Center Report9450 Words   |  38 Pages2007.............................................................................. 13 3.6 Market Forecast [total floor space now/projected], Location Comparison [between cities] ............. 13 4. Part II – DATA CENTRE SERVICE PROVIDER OVERVIEW [Profiles] ........................................... 15 4.1 Telecommunication (Telcos) ................................................................................................... 15 Vietnam Post and Telecommunications Group (VNPT) ..............Read MoreUS Bank Corp. Analysis2538 Words   |  11 Pagesloans, and other individual loans. In this analysis the overall strength of US Bank will be evaluated and will be compared with two similar financial institutions. The two institutions chosen for comparison are Wells Fargo (WFC) and Bank of America (BAC). To evaluate the overall strength the major assets, liabilities, capital, risk, liquidity and operating decisions of the three chosen institutions will be discussed. Balance Sheet Analysis Out of the three banks US bank is theRead MoreShangrila Hotel1840 Words   |  8 PagesShangri-La Hotels Malaysia Bhd Fundamental Company Report Including Financial, SWOT, Competitors and Industry Analysis Phone: +44 20 8123 2220 Fax: +44 207 900 3970 office@marketpublishers.com http://marketpublishers.com Phone: +44 20 8123 2220 http://marketpublishers.com Shangri-La Hotels Malaysia Bhd Fundamental Company Report Including Financial, SWOT, Competitors and Industry Analysis Business Analytic Center (BAC) Date: Oct, 2011 Pages: 50 Price: US$ 499.00 ID: SE8C27A604AEN Shangri-LaRead MoreBasic Measures, Policy Statement, and Securities Markets3031 Words   |  13 Pagesarticle published on Investment in mutual Fund, the mean (arithmetic and geometric) and standard deviation are the first and most simple of the basic statistical concepts used in investing. The mean and standard deviation of returns provide the basic profile of any security with respect to risk and return. The mean, in statistics, is merely the arithmetic average. The mean in investment is used as an estimate of expected future returns because it s the best estimate solely from past data. So it is uses

Advertisement Is A Powerful Thing On Our Life - 1335 Words

Advertisement is a powerful thing in our life. With the new technology, many companies are trying to build up a strong customer base that they can count on to buy their product. Thereby, they use various marketing strategies to promote and increase their sales. The best way to encourage, persuade, or manipulate the audience is to use advertising to call the public’s attention to their product. One important niche product line is the handbag which is part of the products that companies sell through advertising just to emphasize the qualities and the benefits of the product which is nothing but to be stylish. Analyzing two handbags advertisement that targeted different audience, we can see the marketing and advertising strategies that are†¦show more content†¦The photo is taken in black and white with a gray background to make the elegance and power stand out. Dressed in a long black suit, he is a perfect mix of charisma as a real gentleman; he is facing at the camera w ith the looks of a bad boy, and carrying a black handbag that matches the color of his garment. Additionally, the signature of â€Å"Givenchy Paris† flaunt across the center of the image. On the right side of the advertisement, below the picture text reads: â€Å"New York Madison Avenue – Miami Design District – Last Vegas Wynn†. As of the left side, the website of the signature â€Å"Givenchy.com† appears. I think that the advertisement is more effective. It relies the glamourous power of all celebrities whether athletes or model. The ad for Michael Kors appeared in Vogue which targets females who are in their twenties, care about style, beauty, and female fashion, and have a lot of money to spend on such products. They want something that make them feel fabulous. This evidence is based on all the articles in the magazine, and images that have traits from each of these aspects. This magazine in its entirety has many articles focusing on female style. Style such as Dillard’s, Chloe, Antonio Melani, Simon, Ralph Lauren, Valentino, etc†¦ are important defining this publication. The female beauty productsShow MoreRelatedTechnology And Social Media Of Our Generation1663 Words   |  7 PagesOur society is filled to the brim with visual images. Some more noticeable than others, yet they all impact our minds and thoughts differently even if the ideal is not visible on the surface. Gender, race, age, social class, etc., they all come into factor when affected by images of society. Although they are just i mages, current day society has learned to take pictures and warp them into anything they want to create. Some see these new advances of Photoshop and editing as a form of art, signifyingRead MoreThe Nivea Stress Protect Antiperspirant Deodorant Advertisement1610 Words   |  7 PagesThe Nivea ‘stress protect’ antiperspirant deodorant advertisement, televised in 2014 by Beiersdorf Australia Ltd, is a text which constructs an evident manipulation of gender roles and their function in consumerism. In this advertisement a man appears stressed from work and collapses lethargically on the couch while the woman arrives home from work looking energetic with a young child, bags of shopping and speaking on the phone. Through Semiotics, the study of signs and their meanings, I will analyseRead MoreApple s First Macintosh Commercial1309 Words   |  6 Pagesthat will save the world and people believed it. Most of us now own an Apple brand. This advertisement is an effective ad because it contains a valuable message that was provided to the viewer by using contrasting visuals and it is about awakening the people and breaking the chains of similarity and loving to be different. Yet, it is ironic because Apple has become one of the most controlling companies in our society. In the complex mysterious 1984 commercial of Apple Mac that definitely needs aRead MoreThe Impact Of Media On The Media903 Words   |  4 PagesThe Life that is My Media Media according to Dictionary.com is defined as â€Å"the means of communication, as radio and television, newspapers, and magazines, that reach or influence people†. While the definition is correct at the same time it fails to recognize another form, which is social media sites on the Internet. An unprecedented amount of technology uses as tools of influence to convince citizens to purchase and consume on a regular basis with a usual pitch that if one does not than life suddenlyRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Advertising And Its Effects On Society885 Words   |  4 Pagesyears, advertisements are the mass communication of people in the world to many purposes. Producers spread their advertisements all over the world in a public medium within a minute. Producers use advertisement to sale their products. Society are using advertis as the use of communication and get a lot of informations from them. According to the writer â€Å" ...advertising, like any form of mass commun ication, can be a force for both good and bad. .† There are different types of advertisement, someRead MoreThe World s Largest National Economy908 Words   |  4 Pageshas the world’s largest national economy. I was bombarded with tons of advertisement every day when I first came to â€Å"The land of the free†. Either it is from the internet, TV commercials, billboards, stores or even hearing people talks about it. And at the same time, advertisement is not only becoming part of our life, but also our culture. As we all know, the purpose of advertisement is to influence people, yet the advertisement that the media publish unconsciously brainwash the people’s mind, inRead MoreThe Degenerative Influence of Advertising on Society Essay1563 Words   |  7 Pagesdeeply rooted in high ethical standards, destroys any concept of community, common morality or deep bonding. Advertisements thrust products and services at consumers that they deem necessary in order to be loved, beautiful, happy, and fulfilled. Without these â€Å"necessities,† we feel judged, out casted and criticized. These possessions, however, make us self-loathing. Subsequently, we lose our sense of significance and find it hard to accept love and friendship from the people surrounding us. PeopleRead MoreMedia s Effect On Teens986 Words   |  4 Pagesindustry generates approximately 600 billion dollars annually through its programming and advertisements. The economic system of the United States and tough market competition have led to a massive media boom, and being the largest industry in the United States in terms of revenue, The media have been successful in corrupting people’s mind, with young teens being the largest group of victims. In the current situation, our economic, social and political decisions are widely being influenced by the invisibleRead MoreCoca Col A Great American Icon1213 Words   |  5 Pagesto, â€Å"Open up to the Coke side of life.† In return, we will be greeted with a magnificent display of colors and random objects. They are sending the message that if the consumers succumb and purchase their products, their life will be filled with all kinds of enjoyment and in turn will live more free. An analysis of the Coca-Cola advertisement unveils that the producers are heavily emphasizing the American value of freedom. This digital advertisement was made by the company Coca-Cola. Coca-ColaRead MoreAdvertisements that Glorify Violence Against Women1045 Words   |  5 PagesAdvertisers have countless subtle ways of presenting advertisements to sell products, but a lot of these advertisements may go way beyond the selling of products. Advertisements with regard to violent sexual scenes against women may actually be sending subliminal messages that violence is okay. Looking at these advertisements, it is not hard to see that there is a deeper meaning behind them than to just sell a product. With Sexual and violent Advertisements we may even be able to make the statement that

Growing up A Journey of One’s Identity Free Essays

It is inevitable that people age. Every human being, and every being for that matter, grows old. Age is a natural phenomenon that cannot be avoided. We will write a custom essay sample on Growing up: A Journey of One’s Identity or any similar topic only for you Order Now Part of growing up is discovering one’s identity. As people age, they constantly undergo a process where they mold themselves into unique individuals. Every experience that a person goes through influences his personality, his character, and his identity. It is through such experiences that people get to see who they really are. Triumphs and failures in life are vital for they help strengthen the character of the person. In a way, when an individual goes through an experience, he is shaping his character regardless of the outcome of his endeavor. From childhood to adulthood, every experience brings forth a certain lesson that is inculcated in the individual’s being. These lessons are what define the individual for they directly affect the person that they are. The development of the person and the journey of self-discovery as a person grows up are discussed not merely in the various fields of science. Literature too has its share of works of art that provide an input of how growing up involves the molding and shaping of the person’s identity. Although not directly discussed, literature highlights how the journey of aging is in parallel with an individual’s journey towards defining an identity of his own. In Mary E. Wilkins’ short story, â€Å"Mistaken Charity,† the journey of two women through age and time is told. Moreover, it shows how their aging coincides with their realization of who they really are. Harriet and Charlotte are two sisters who never marry. Their life is built on their work and on their struggle to survive. However, as age catches up with them, and their aged bodies can no longer stand their own lines of work, they begin to realize that they are not all about their work. When given a chance to move out of their tattered house and into a better life, they discover that it is their experiences living in that house that defines who they are. They are not used to the life in the â€Å"Home† for it does not feel like home to them. This is what drove Charlotte to say, â€Å"O Lord, Harrià ©t†¦ let us go home. I can’t stay here no ways in this world. I don’t like their vittles, an’ I don’t like to wear a cap; I want to go home and do different. The currants will be ripe, Harrià ©t. O Lord, thar was almost a chink, thinking about ’em. I want some of ’em; an’ the Porter apples will be gittin’ ripe, an’ we could have some apple-pie. This here ain’t good.† (Wilkins, 148) This shows how no matter how much better another life seems to be, people will always go back to their old way of life for the life they have gotten used to defines who they really are. Another story that show how growing up means defining who you really are is told in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown.† The story tells of how one experiences that Goodman Brown went through in his young days completely changed his outlook on life. His journey through the forest wherein he met the mysterious figure which many associate with the devil may indeed be a dream. However, that experience opened his eyes to the reality that people may not be what they perceive him to be. The good Christians that he thought they were may actually simply be a cover-up of their real selves. Although it could be a dream, the experience was enlightening for Goodman Brown. More importantly, it was very influential in molding the personality of Brown and his outlook on life. After the experience, Goodman Brown ended up becoming a cynic. He was always wondering whether the people around him were who they really were. In fact, Goodman Brown even began to doubt the sincerity of his wife, whom he used to love and trust dearly. After the said event,   Ã‚  he turned into a cynic, wary and pessimistic of his wife and his faithfulness and fidelity. The last paragraph of the story explains the effect that the experience in the forest had on him. In the said paragraph it was stated: â€Å"A stern, a sad, a darkly meditative, a distrustful, if not a desperate man did he become from the night of that fearful dream. On the Sabbath day, when the congregation were singing a holy psalm, he could not listen because an anthem of sin rushed loudly upon his ear and drowned all the blessed strain. When the minister spoke from the pulpit with power and fervid eloquence, and, with his hand on the open Bible, of the sacred truths of our religion, and of saint-like lives and triumphant deaths, and of future bliss or misery unutterable, then did Goodman Brown turn pale, dreading lest the roof should thunder down upon the gray blasphemer and his hearers†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Hawthorne, 127) The stories provide evidence of how experiences mold and shape the identity and personality of the individual. Both Goodman Brown and the sisters demonstrated how they are made by their experiences. Thus, it can be said that growing up and aging is a process of defining one’s self. It is a process of discovery brought about by life experiences where lessons are learned and imbedded in one’s way of life. Works Cited: Hawthorne, Nathaniel. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown.† Literature and society: An introduction to fiction, poetry, drama, nonfiction. 4th ed. Eds. Pamela Annas, Robert Rossen. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 2007, pp 117-127. Wilkins, Mary. â€Å"Mistaken Charity.† Literature and society: An introduction to fiction, poetry, drama, nonfiction. 4th ed.   Eds. Pamela Annas, Robert Rossen. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 2007, pp 140-150. How to cite Growing up: A Journey of One’s Identity, Essay examples

Taxation Law Broad Based Consumption Tax

Question: Describe about the Taxation Law for Broad Based Consumption Tax . Answer: Introduction The Government of Australia itself directly controls the taxation system in Australia. The provincial governments and local governmental bodies make chief contributions in implementing the legislations related to the taxation of Australia. Goods and service taxes are levied on the products and services, which are subject to taxation. Employees of the organizations are entitled to pay this tax to the Government of Australia. For illustrating this matter, two case studies have been provided here (Alley et al. 2014, p.52). The assignment aims to show the structure of the Australian taxation system with special reference to the case study pertaining to the capital gains tax and-and fringe benefits tax. In the attempt of achieving this aim, two case studies have been provided so that detailed analysis can be done on the basis of these two case studies and detailed picture of Australian taxation system and legislations related to taxation can be got. Case Study 1 It is evident from this case study, that Fred being intended to sell his holiday home, signed a legal contract with the purchaser on the basis of which the sale of the asset was confirmed and he gained $800,000 after making the sale of his asset. Additionally, he had to pay fees for settling the legal matters and some of the amounts was also paid to the real estate agent, who made the contribution in facilitating the sales process of the tangible asset for Fred (Apps and Rees. 2013, p.67). It was the same home, which was bought by Fred in the 80s at the cost of $100,000 including the cost of stamp duty and legal fees (Baral et al. 2013, p.33). Now the issue is to find out the net capital gain for the year in which he sold his assets on the basis of the comparison between the selling cost and purchasing cost of the tangible asset in the light of mathematical calculation and analysis. For making in-depth analysis of the whole scenario, the table mentioned below can be referred: (Refer to Excel sheet 1) Amount Fred received Amount Received from purchaser $800,000 Amount Fred incur when he sell Amount incurred for legal fees $1,100 real estate agent' commission $9,900 Amount Fred incur when he purchase Amount price of holiday home in actual $100,000 stump duty when he purchased $2,000 legal fees $1,000 incurred to build a garage $20,000 After incur legal fees and agent's commission the amount Fred have $789,000 Total amount that Fred incur when he purchased the holiday home $123,000 Total net capital gain of Fred in recent year $666,000 Assuming Fred's net capital loss $10,000 Total net capital gain $656,000 Table 1: calculation for Net capital gain (Source: self developed) Analysis: In this analysis, it is obvious that Fred has earned $656,000 in the form of total net capital gain in the current year after the deduction of minimal in the form of the net capital loss from the total amount, which was $666,000 only (Besley and persson, 2014, p.99). It has been assumed that the amount of net capital loss was $10,000. From the above-mentioned table, it is evident that the current valuation of the asset is $789,000 excluding legal fees and real estate agents commission. On the other hand, the total value of the asset was $123,000 when Fred made the purchase for buying the holiday home. The previous value of the asset at the time of purchasing was deducted from the current value of the asset at the time of selling and the net capital gain of Fred was $656,000 excluding net capital loss (Braverman et al. 2015, p.52). If the loss arises from the sale of an antique vase, then it will not be calculated as capital loss because it is not considered as capital for Fred. So the loss from the sale of antique vase may be considered as a mere loss for him (Brody et al. 2014, p.65) Legal Framework related to Goods and Services Tax: There are some legislations related to the Goods and Services Tax such as A New Tax System (Goods and Services Tax Act) which came into effect in the year 1999 (Cortis and Eastman. 2015, p.181). The act was divided into different parts. From this legislation, an overview of the Goods and Services Tax can be got and a relation between Goods and Services Tax and basic idea regarding central provisions related to Goods and Services Tax and input tax credits can be got (Eccleston, 2013, p.103). Moreover, Moreover, some of the special rules relating to Goods and Services Tax returns and Goods and Services Tax payments are also mentioned in this act. In addition to that, more information can be received regarding the Goods, Services Tax groups, and its membership requirements. Australian Taxation Office plays main role in handling matters related to Goods and Services Tax and in an effective implementation of A New Tax System (Goods and Services Tax Act) of 1999 (Faccio and Xu, 2015, p.277 ). Case Study 2 In this case study, three scenarios are given on the basis of which issues related to three scenarios are to be found out (Krever and Mellor, 2014, p.37). It is evident from first scenario that Emma being entitled to receive fringe benefits from her employer Periwinkle, has received a car which later on, was purchased by her at the cost of $33,000 including Goods and Services Tax. The employer itself also reimbursed the expenditure related to the car repair. Now the issue is to find out the extent of loss, which was incurred to due, the minor repairs of the car and from what aspect, it affects the financial performance of the Perrywinkle (Liu and Freudenberg, 2014, p.37). In the second scenario, it can be seen that Emma spent 90% of the loan amount for purchasing holiday home and remaining 10% was spent on purchasing the share. Now the problem is to find out what are the issues the company had faced in providing the fringe benefits to its employee and what return the company can expect to get from her (Pearce and Pintu, 2015, p.46). In the third scenario,it is evident that the manufacturing cost of a bathtub is $700 and selling cost of the same is $2,600. Hence, a company has gained $1,900. This bathtub was sold to her at the cost of $1,300. Hence, the amount of loss incurred was $600. The issue is to make a detection of how the employer can find out the way of recovering this and how this loss affects the financial performance of the company (Woellner et al. 2016, p. 34). The entire matter will be analysed in the light of mathematical calculation Advice to Periwinkle regarding FBT consequences and calculation for FBT liability (Refer to Excel sheet 3) Things that has to be consider Amount purchase of car by Periwinkle $330,00 car expense by Emma for company $550 Loan of Emma given by Periwinkle $500,000 used loan by Emma $450,000 purchased share by Emma $50,000 purchase of bathtub by Emma $1,300 cost of bathtub to periwinkle $700 sale of bath tub by periwinkle $2,600 Portion of loan given to husband Amount Car facilities given company 7877 Loan Facilities given to Emma 337500 bath tub 2600 Less of Price of bath tub 1300 1300 Total 346677 Fringe benefit tax liability 364595 If the Portion of loan not given to husband by Emma Amount Fringe benefit tax liability 347466 {346677+ 50000*(5.95-4.45)% } *2.1463 *49% Statutory factor 26% Number of days car was used 336 Total number of days 366 Fringe benefit value of car given to Emma 7877 Fringe benefit value of loan for real estate purchase by Emma 337500 Table 2: Calculation of FBT (Source: Self developed) Analysis: Here in case of calculation of fringe benefit purchase of car by the company, car expenses by Emma, the loan amount paid to Emma, the loan amount used by Emma, share amount that purchased by Emma, purchased bathtub by emma, cost of bathtub and sale of bathtub will be add first and by giving proper analytical thoughts, it will be evident that Emma has gained $3,46,677 in the form of fringe benefits which includes loan facilities given by the company, purchase of bathtub, car facilities and purchase of share . Plus she has received $500,000 as a loan with 4.45% rate of interest. Had she or her husband invested all the amount on share market, the interest rates could have increased up to 5.95% as per the assumption (Burkhauser et al. 2015, p.181). In this case actually Emma gain from The company which help her to increase the income and it make her more interested in work. Fringe benefit are given by many of the company to the employee to make them productive. Legal Framework: The most important legislation related to the Fringe Benefits Taxation is Fringe Benefits Tax Assessment Act, which came into effect in the year 1986. In this act, the detailed idea can be got regarding the rules and regulations related to the fringe benefits taxation (Williams and Martinez-Perez, 2014, p.802). These taxations are supposed to be collected from the employers. In addition to that, information can be received regarding the value of the car fringe benefits, debt waiver fringe benefits, loan fringe benefits, expense payment fringe benefits, housing fringe benefits, car parking fringe benefits, residual fringe benefits etc, Moreover, there are another fringe benefits and that is living-away-from-home-allowance fringe benefits. Recommendations and regulations have also been mentioned for keeping away from fringe benefits taxation. The property also comes in the ambit of the rules and regulations of Fringe Benefits Tax Assessment Act of 1986. The implementat ion of this act is taken care by Australian Taxation Office. b) (Refer to Excel sheet 2) Amount($) Periwinkle provided loan to Emma at an interest rate 4.45% 500,000 Emma used the loan to purchase car 450000 The part of loan given to husband 50000 If Emma purchase a share with amount 50000 Here assuming the interest rate she can earn from share 5.95% Then she can earn an amount from share for herself 5297500 Table 3: Calculation of earning from share (Source: Self-developed) Analysis: In this case, Emma can buy a share with the amount of $50000 instead of giving that amount to her husband as the loan without interest. If she buy share and the interest rate of share assumed 5.95% then she can earn the amount of $5297500. This can be added to her income it also help to increase her income, in the contrary if she gives loan to her husband with interest rate then also she can earn from that particular part which, also help her to increase income (Burman, 2010, p.34). As Emma can buy share with the loan amount then she can earn more amount of money not only that she also earn interest from that and if the company gain from the business then also she will be able to earn more. Conclusion It has been evident that how capital gains tax is necessary to calculate the value of the tangible asset and how fringe benefits of a company affect the financial performance. The concluding part of this essay can be enriched with some of the valuable recommendations based on which some improvements can be made for making the tax structure of Australia efficient and productive. More taxes should be introduced for ensuring revenue generation. It will help in making Australia prosperous in terms of economic development. Some of the legal frameworks are also given for making the in-depth analysis of the subject content meaningful and contextual and name of the two legislations have been mentioned in this regards such as Fringe Benefits Tax Assessment Act of 1986 and A New Tax System (Goods and Services Tax Act) of 1999. From these two legislations, it has been cleared that the Government of Australia has tried their level best in ensuring revenue generation by imposing tax on almost eve rything. Consequently, the country has witnessed economic growth and development, which have been accelerated with efficient utilisation of Australian taxation system. Reference List Alley, C., Bentley, D. and James, S., (2014). Politics and tax reform: A comparative analysis of the implementation of a broad-based consumption tax in New Zealand, Australia and the United Kingdom. Revenue Law Journal, 24(1), p.52. Apps, P. and Rees, R., (2013). Raise top tax rates, not the GST. Austl. Tax F., 28, p.679. Baral, H., Keenan, R.J., Fox, J.C., Stork, N.E. and Kasel, S., (2013). Spatial assessment of ecosystem goods and services in complex production landscapes: a case study from south-eastern Australia. Ecological Complexity, 13, pp.35-45. Besley, T. and Persson, T., (2014). Why do developing countries tax so little?. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 28(4), pp.99-120. Braverman, D., Marsden, S.J. and Sadiq, K., (2015). Assessing taxpayer response to legislative changes: A case study of in-housefringe benefits rules. Journal of Australian Taxation, 17(1), pp.1-52. Brody, E., Breen, O.B., McGregor-Lowndes, M. and Turnour, M., (2014). 5 An Unrelated Income Tax for Australia?. Performance Management in Nonprofit Organizations: Global Perspectives, 17, p.87. Burkhauser, R.V., Hahn, M.H. and Wilkins, R., (2015). Measuring top incomes using tax record data: A cautionary tale from Australia. The Journal of Economic Inequality, 13(2), pp.181-205. Burman, L.E., (2010). The labyrinth of capital gains tax policy: A guide for the perplexed. Washington D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. Cortis, N. and Eastman, C., (2015). Salary sacrificing in Australia: are patterns of uptake and benefit different in the notà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ forà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ profit sector?. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 53(3), pp.311-330. Eccleston, R., (2013). The Tax Reform Agenda in Australia. Australian Journal of Public Administration, 72(2), pp.103-113. Faccio, M. and Xu, J., (2015). Taxes and capital structure. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 50(03), pp.277-300. Krever, R. and Mellor, P., (2014). Legal Interpretation of Tax Law: Australia.Legal Interpretation of Tax Law (Amsterdam: Kluwer, 2014), pp.15-45. Liu, B., Huang, A. and Freudenberg, B., (2014). The impact of the GST on mortgage pricing of Australian credit unions: An empirical analysis.Accounting Research Journal, 27(1), pp.37-51. Pearce, P. and Pinto, D., (2015). An evaluation of the case for a congestion tax in Australia. Tax Specialist, 18(4), p.146. Williams, C.C. and Martinez-Perez, A., (2014). Why do consumers purchase goods and services in the informal economy?. Journal of Business Research, 67(5), pp.802-806. Woellner, R., Barkoczy, S., Murphy, S., Evans, C. and Pinto, D.,(2016).Australian Taxation Law 2016. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Invasion of Personal Privacy During Air Travel

Insured protection during air travel is essential as it protects passengers from acts of terrorism or kidnapping. Prior to the 9/11 bombing attacks of the Twin Towers in New York, security measures were not considered as a grave matter as is the case today.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Invasion of Personal Privacy During Air Travel specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, following this heinous attack, airlines and security agencies have been very keen in examining passengers’ information and devising possible methods of preventing any further attacks (Taipale 2004). On the basis of the foregoing argument, personal information is required to ensure the safety of the people. Other than conducting the usual physical searches before boarding a plane, most of the airports and airlines have intensified their security measures to great lengths. For example, air travelers are now being exposed to thorough int rusive and extensive searches (Ghobrial and Irvin 76). The new security procedures have been labeled as a form of personal privacy invasion in the name of ensuring security. However, supporters of the move see it as a necessary precaution that ensures the restoration of passengers’ security. Financial data and transactions updates are some of the private data that is being accessed at the individual level. Exposure of the information to the airline databases is prone to security breaches as many public and private entities can get hold of the information and use it for their own personal and selfish interests. Other information accessed includes home addresses, full names, home phone numbers, and credit cards, among other documents containing personal information. To some extent, this represents invasion of personal privacy but on the positive side, it ensures security of the passengers, the airliner, and all other involved stakeholders. The essay paper explores the possibili ty of justifying whether invasion of personal privacy is a necessary security procedure for the insured protection during air travel. The preposition of the essay is that Invasion of personal privacy is a necessary security procedure for the insured protection during air travel. After the attempted ‘Christmas Bomber’ in 2009 when a Nigerian national (Fiske 174) passed all the security checks and tried detonating a bomb that was concealed in his underwear, the issue of body full scan has brought a lot of controversy (Engle 2010). Opponents of the proposed scanning argue that it is invasion of security as the scanners will be able to view body contours and private parts (Engle 2010). This has been opposed by people of diverse moral and religious views who see it a as a form of violating personal privacy. However, taking into account the potential damage to the passengers and the airline following such an explosion, then the intrusion of the privacy is worth the risk.Adver tising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Also, killing passengers through an explosion is invasion of privacy on its own since the lives of people are at stake and an individual’s privacy is not much important compared to the risk involved. Using this kind of technology which invades personal privacy is only meant to prevent acts of terrorism, thus ensuring security (Taipale 2004). The belief that the scanning will break the child pornographic laws and privacy cannot be compared with the danger posed to the lives of people. Although there has been no incidence in which a child has been seen to have committed a security breach, nonetheless, there is no age discrimination when terrorism acts are concerned. Therefore, scanning minors should be viewed as a way of protecting the people since chances of security agents using the scanned images or positing them to the internet are very lo w. Those opposed to scanning on grounds that it invades personal privacy are justified to hold such a view but at the same time, we need to strike a balance between on the one hand, privacy and on the other hand, security. In the event that minors are not scanned and are used to transport explosive devices unknowingly, resulting in the explosion of airplanes, the blame shall be on the security agencies for their reluctance to protect the lives of innocent citizens. Scanning of minors breaks the child porn law but since the same child is also receiving vital protection, on such grounds, there is a justification in implementing such rules. Privacy has been seen as the â€Å"flashpoint for many security issues, a legal analysis begins with the fact that there is no unfettered constitutional right to anonymity† (Nicholson 241). Although the First Amendment allows the freedom of association and speech, the moment a person enters the public domain, some part of their privacy is inv aded. Nobody likes his/her privacy being invaded, but with the increased incidents of airplane attacks by terrorists, it is reasonable to sacrifice a bit of personal privacy for security procedures. The right to anonymity has been rendered weak by a five judge committee in the Hiibel v. Nevada case of June 2004 (Nicholson 241). Although the case was basically not about airplane security, it emerged that the police did not break the Fifth Amendment by stopping Hibbel for search based on reasonable suspicion rather than probable cause. The court verdict was that no incidents of self incrimination by a police asking for identification were witnessed. It concluded that because of security reasons and procedures asking for a name is non testimonial and it does not invoke the Fifth Amendment (Nicholson 241).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Invasion of Personal Privacy During Air Travel specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Based on this, it can be argued that seeking personal information does not invoke the fifth amendment of the American constitution. This is because â€Å"security is a national defense issue† (OECD 95) and the government has all the reasons to defend its people from any acts that may jeopardize their security. It is the obligation of the government to protect its people from any insecurity issues. The usual method of searching people and their luggage infiltrates the privacy of the passengers. However, from a logical point of view, going through the clothes of an individual as part of security procedures is reasonable even if it with be carried on basis of reasonable suspicion. According to the TSA which is responsible for security measures at airports, the security measures need to be carried to ensure that no inconveniences are heightened to passengers as well as identifying high risk travelers and suspicious ones (Ghobrial and Irvin 77). For the positive side, the searche s are made to protect and enhance security. Personal information like credit cards, emails, bank accounts, and insurance (Fiske 181) can be used to by other parties to satisfy their needs if it falls in the wrong hands. This invades security of the people. However, this information and data from the FBI and other security agencies can be used for tracking and investigating any person with history of terrorism. The intention of the government is to keep the terrorists away from airlines and increase security (Ghobrial and Irvin 78). The Privacy Act of 1974 is a major statute that governs the federal government in acquiring and using the records that contain personal information (Gindin 1997). However, the act has prohibited on the intrusion and the use of personal information without consent. It is also under the same act that allows the use of the information in some given circumstances. Some of the circumstances include disclosure for routine checkups or use â€Å"for law enforcem ent purposes, and for protecting the health or safety of an individual† (Gindin 1997). Therefore, the law allows the use of personal information for enforcement and safety of the person. By information record, it implies any item or information of a particular person that may include financial transactions, identity number, criminal records, name, symbol, and any other identification assigned to an individual (Gindin 1997). Based on the privacy law, a government agency that is concerned on security of an individual has the right to use private information for the protection of that individual as well as others. The act further points out that the information cannot be used for computer matching for foreign counter intelligence purpose as d in the Computer Matching and Privacy Act of 1988 (Gindin 1997).Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is seen as invasion of privacy which is against the human rights provisions. Nonetheless, some agreements have been reached between the EU and the US to share information of its passengers before they board planes for security reasons (Nicholson 244). The sharing of private information for security reasons is a measure to ensure that all people are safeguarded from any incidents of terror. In the case of Kent v. Dulles (1958), Justice William O. Douglas said that â€Å"The right to travel is a part of the â€Å"liberty† of which the citizen cannot be deprived without due process of law under the Fifth Amendment† (Electronic Privacy Information Center). He also added that movement in either US or outside was part of the US national heritage. This means that people can move from one destination to another without any restrictions. However, it points out that the liberty of travel can be deprived under due process as required by the law in the Fifth Amendment. When p ersonal checkups are carried the liberty of the people is not deprived but restored. After the 9/11 incident and the Christmas Bomber aviation security has been beefed up as part of security procedures. Several proposals like screeners, bag searching for bombs from innocent people, air marshals in flights do not implicate personal privacy interest (Electronic Privacy Information Center). The essence of all these measures is to differentiate a genuine air traveler and imposters who have hidden agenda. This precautionary measure should not be seen as part of malicious invasion of personal privacy. It should be seen as a security procedure of ensuring the safety of the passengers in air travel as well as that of other stakeholders. The profiling through modern technology is not an incriminating act; it is an act that ensures the welfare of the people in whole is protected. Although personal invasion of privacy is incriminating, it is part of security procedure. In my opinion, invasion of personal privacy is a necessary security procedure for the insured protection during air travel. Based on the increased insecurity in the air travel, it is reasonable to sacrifice some privacy for the purpose of security measures. It is also logical that a balance between law and privacy is reached to satisfy both sides. Security of the people is fundamental and so is the safeguarding of the lives of people. Invading privacy for the reasons of the later is a necessary precaution that is usually undertaken to prevent any acts of terrorism or any threats to the people boarding an airline. Opponents’ arguments are that security checks invades the privacy of the people which is true. However, they don’t assess the other side of privacy invasion as part of security procedure and the benefits it has on the people. Therefore, it can be concluded that Invasion of personal privacy is a necessary security procedure for the insured protection during air travel. It is a precaut ionary procedure that ensures the safety of people by eliminating any suspicious travelers who pose security threats to airlines. It also ensures that terrorists are kept away from the airports since they cannot dare board airplanes knowing well they will undergo scrutiny. The security measures benefit the passengers from insecurity incidents that may put their lives in danger. The use of scanners which have been received with much opposition for they invade privacy would ensure the incidents like that of the Christmas Bomber do not occur again. The measures have been put into place after it was discovered that the current mechanisms have no technological capacity of detecting non metallic bombs. The act of terrorism has been advanced technologically and this leaves no room for taking any chances. A balance between security and privacy is needed to stop the much ongoing debate from both sides. Works Cited Electronic Privacy Information Center. Air Travel Privacy. n.d. Web. https://e pic.org/privacy/airtravel/. Engle, Thomas. â€Å"New airport security measures violate passengers’ privacy, dignity.† The Daily Athenaeum,   15 Nov. 2010. Web. Fiske, Ian. â€Å"Failing to Secure the Skies: Why America has struggled to Protect Itself and how it can Change†. Virginia Journal of Law Technology 15. 173 (2010): 174-195. Ghobrial, Atef and Wes, A. Irvin. â€Å"Combating Air Terrorism: Some Implications to the Aviation Industry†. Journal of Air Transportation 9. 3 (2004):67-86. Gindin, Susan E. â€Å"Lost and Found In Cyberspace: Informational Privacy in the Age of the Internet†. San Diego Law Review,  1153(2010): n. pag. Web. Nicholson, William C.  Homeland Security Law and Policy. Springfield, Ill: C.C Thomas, 2005. Print. OECD. Terrorism and International Transport: Towards Risk-Based Security Policy. Paris: OECD/ITF, 2009. Print. Taipale, K. A. Data Mining and Domestic Security: Connecting the Dots to Make Sense of Data. The C olumbia Science and Technology Law Review. 2004: n. pag. Web. This essay on Invasion of Personal Privacy During Air Travel was written and submitted by user Lacey Willis to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Therapeutic Technique of Heliox Therapy

Therapeutic Technique of Heliox Therapy Abstract This study analyzes heliox therapy as a medical intervention that is done using oxygen and helium to aid in the process of alleviating various respiratory distresses. Heliox therapy has been in use in the medical field since 1935 when it was first used in the treatment of asthma (Brandao Britto et al., 2011, p.948).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Therapeutic Technique of Heliox Therapy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is also used as a medical intervention of COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) (Allan Thomas et al., 2009, p.1175) and bronchiolitis. Before the use of helium as a carrier gas, nitrogen was used as the carrier gas for oxygen. This makes helium easy to inhale, hence facilitating rapid oxygen absorption in the blood stream. The study also presents a description of a psychological problem and in particular the problems experienced by acute asthmatic people in terms of carbon dioxide exchange. As a therapy option, a gas mixture of nitrogen and oxygen can be administered into the blood stream of a patient to supply the necessary oxygen deficit in the effort to minimize the work required to absorb adequate air to meet the oxygen needs of patients. Another alternative is to use helium-oxygen gas mixture in a therapeutic intervention referred as heliox therapy. Further, the study provides an overview of the associated diseases including clinical and physiologic effects. The study also provides the technical considerations when giving the heliox therapy. Besides, it offers the positive effects that the therapy has on acute asthmatic patients. Finally, the study provides the role played by a therapist when giving any therapeutic intervention. Description of the Physiologic Problem Acute asthmatic people have problems in carbon dioxide exchange. Before medicinal interventions are done, it is necessary for short-term interventions in the preparation of medicina l interventions to be conducted to ensure that patients awaiting treatment have sufficient carbon dioxide exchange. Among the alternatives available for physiologic experts are mechanical ventilations, bronchodilators, and ticosteroids among others. While attempting to address this problem, consideration of scholarly evidence on the effectiveness of heliox therapy in the treatment of respiratory infection is important. Yilmaz, Daglioglu, and Yildizdas et al. (2013) did a research on the effectiveness of heliox in acute respiratory distress syndrome where they found out that heliox is associated with positive responses of ARDS inflation apart from having positive impacts on the treatment of obstructive lung ailments (p.47). Since 1930s, heliox has been used in the treatment of reparatory ailments even before bronchodilators were invented. In the modern age, heliox is normally deployed in situations involving the narrowing of the large airway passages due to tumors (Yilmaz, Daglioglu Yildizdas et al, 2013). However, it is also used for medium airways, especially in case of asthma and COPD (Hess et al., 2006). Heliox is also deployed in other medical interventions involving difficulties in availing adequate oxygen to the patients’ body systems.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, upon studying the effects of shifts of breathing gas from air to heliox mixtures on the resolution of air bubbles in lipid and aqueous tissues of recompressed rats, Hyldegaard, Kerem, and Melamed (2011) concluded that there should be no delays in the deployment of heliox in the treatment of â€Å"air driving induced-decompression sickness† (p.2183). This suggests that heliox therapy can be utilized as a therapeutic intervention for all respiratory problems in patients waiting medical intervention since heliox has no curative effect. Overvie w of the associated Diseases including Clinical and Physiologic effects Heliox therapy can be used in the treatment of asthma and COPD. The application of heliox in the therapeutic intervention for asthma attracts controversy. In a meta-analysis research involving four random trials for treatment of acute asthma using heliox in an emergency care setting conducted on adults together with children by Rodrigo, Rodrigo, Pollack, and Travers as quoted by Chevrolet (2001), no evidence of the effectiveness of heliox was recorded (p.180). Studies done by Hurford and Cheifetz (2007) and Kneyber et al. (2009) record high rates of airflow when heliox is used in place of airox for patients who are not intubated. There is scholarly agreement that heliox has no curative impact on the treatment of crisis involving acute asthma. This implies that heliox should never be used as a replacement of corticosteroids therapy and/or bronchodilators. Chevrolet (2001) insists that heliox should be used as a t herapeutic intervention for acute asthma following the failure of bronchodilator therapy in managing the condition (p.181). Resorting to heliox on the failure of bronchodilator therapy eliminates the necessity of intubation. Chevrolet (2001) maintains that this procedure is an immensely dangerous therapeutic intervention for people suffering from acute asthma (p.182). However, heliox has also been used in patients who have been intubated in the medical history of treatment of asthma. For such patients, heliox has been found to produce positive outcomes through enhancing reduction of pressure of inflation (Chevrolet, 2001). This makes the therapy important for persons having ventilation difficulties accompanied by hemodynamic instability. Another associated disease for heliox is COPD. Heliox is used in COPDs who are intubated, or not intubated (Randsoe, Kvist Hyldegaard, 2008, p.1493; Myers, 2006, p.620). In the treatment of COPD, the standard medical approach is to start with NIV. When COPD patients are acutely decompensated, probabilities for respiratory failure increase often leading to high WOB (Palange Valli et al., 2004, p.1639).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Therapeutic Technique of Heliox Therapy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To minimize the chances of occurrence of fatigue of inspiratory muscles, NIV is administered. Scholars such Allan and Thomas et al. (2009) and Venkataraman (2006) confirm that WOB can be reduced further when NIV is combined with heliox. Heliox reduces the work of breathing in two major ways. It increases the tendency of laminar flow of oxygen within the respiratory system of a patient while reducing airflow resistance due to turbulence. Hess et al (2006) evidence this effect by arguing that where laminar flow occurs in small air passages, gas viscosity is directly related to the viscosity. In such passages, this suggests that heliox possesses minima l effects on WOB. However, in large passages, turbulence flow occurs. In such a situation, the resistance to flow of a gas is related directly to the density of the gas flowing through the passages (Hess et al., 2006). This means that heliox has incredible effects in reducing WOB. Technical Considerations of the Therapy Various scholarly findings exist on the effectiveness of heliox therapy in producing positive effects for persons suffering from respiratory diseases. However, certain difficulties may make the therapy not common in all hospitals across the world. Technical challenges are one of the difficulties. Successful administration of heliox therapy requires the possession of some prescribed technical expertise (Gupta, Grayck, Cheifetz, 2004, p.1041). The equipment deployed in the process is also expensive. Debate also continues to develop on the consideration of the overall benefits of heliox therapy when gas concentration levels differ. Particular interest is on the develop ment of guidelines on the specific levels of concentration of oxygen and helium that should be used for treatment of different respiratory ailments under specified circumstances. Technical expertise is important in the use of heliox therapy. When the mixture of the gases is used at less than 36 degrees centigrade, hypothermia may be experienced. There are technical difficulties of ensuring that the right amount of the gas mixture is delivered to meet the patients’ specific needs. Where heliox is used for patients who breathe spontaneously, pressurization of heliox in the ratio 78 (helium) to 22 (oxygen) is necessary (Chevrolet, 2001). Although helium is a largely profuse constituent in the world, its mining procedures are expensive. In this line of argument, Chevrolet (2001) puts the cost of a 60-liter tank for heliox (78:22 helium-oxygen mixtures at 200 bars) at 275 US dollars in Switzerland. Upon considering issues of uncertainness of the possible stay of patients in ICU an d the benefits of the use of heliox in the effective management of the patients’ respiratory diseases, reduction of this cost is necessary. This presents technical challenges in terms of looking for new cost-effective methods of production of heliox.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Positive effects of the Therapy Asthmatic people experience challenges of airflow obstructions causing hyperinflation of lungs. The challenges result in an increase in the work required for inhalation processes. This introduces mechanical disadvantages to the inspiratory muscles to an asthmatic person (Brandao Britto et al., 2011, p. 298). Helium provides an advantage compared to nitrogen due to its lower density (Hess et al., 2006, p.605). Over the years, heliox has been used for medical applications, which do not involve respiratory ailments. It is also used in the treatment of ailments such as fractional obstruction of airways due to growths associated with malignancy together with engorgement of the esophagus. Such swellings may be caused by allergic infections and/or anaphylaxis. Under such conditions, heliox finds applications in that it helps in the provision of the required oxygen levels while ensuring that such people do not incur the inspiratory muscle mechanical disadvan tages. Effectiveness of the use of heliox in medical interventions of asthma is enhanced by its properties compared to air. Its density is less than that of air. Consequently, compared to air, heliox has a lower resistance to flow in the airways. Ultimately, â€Å"WOB (work of breathing) is reduced† (Chevrolet, 2001, p.179). Many health institutions recognize the deployment of heliox in the treatment of respiratory related ailments to the extent that respiratory therapists encourage the keeping of gas cylinders of heliox within hospitals for emergency care services. Amid its effectiveness as a therapeutic intervention for respiratory infections, heliox administration is done with optimal monitoring and vigilance (Gupta, Grayck Cheifetz, 2004, p.1041). Monitoring is done using chest radiographs and various mechanisms of monitoring arterial gas in the effort to provide a means of determining lung volumes together with gas exchanges (Gupta, Grayck Cheifetz, 2004, p.1041). Gupt a, Grayck, and Cheifetz (2004) studied the effects of heliox and high-frequency jet ventilation on a five-year old infant suffering from acute conditions of respiratory failure due to gas trappings, acidosis, and air leak. Heliox therapy produces positive effects for patients with respiratory problems, which result in increased work of breathing. Myers evidences positive effects on the use of NPPV in the reduction of intubation rates for some patients who are carefully selected for treatment of acute respiratory ailments (2006, p.622). When Heliox is used in conjunction with NPPV, patients depict even better response rates, especially in case of those having COPD (Palange Valli et al., 2004, p.1639). While various studies such as Hess and Chatmonqkolchart (2000) present the benefit of increased survival rate on the use NPPV particularly for patients having respiratory failures related to COPD, deployment of heliox has positive effects when used in the treatment of patients having s evere obstruction of airways or asthma. Adverse effects/Hazards In practical applications of heliox therapy, no substantial effects on patients have been recorded. Indeed, according to Hunt, Wiliams, Frith, and Schembri, heliox mixtures are nontoxic and do not produce any long lasting impacts on the patients’ bodies (2010, p.30). The only determinant of the mixing ratio is the mixture flow characteristic. Airflow within airways occurs through laminar, then transitional flow, and finally through turbulent flow. High resistances characterize turbulent flow as evidenced by higher Reynolds number (Hess et al., 2006). While air may be enriched with oxygen for use in place of helium, it has a higher tendency of changing from laminar to turbulent flow in comparison with heliox since it has a higher density (Hess et al., 2006, p.605). The density of heliox at 1 atmosphere is 0.5g/l compared to 1.25 g/l for of air (Hunt, Wiliams, Frith Schembri, 2010). Low density ensures that a maxi mum amount of oxygen is delivered through the body systems of the patient with minimal work of breathing (WOB). Air, helium, and nitrogen are used as carrier gasses. A carrier gas should have minimal adverse effects on the patient if any. No negative effects on the patients have been recorded on the use of air, nitrogen and Helium as carrier gases. Hunt, Wiliams, Frith, and Schembri further inform that heliox gas mixture of 79 percent helium and 21 percent oxygen has equal viscosity to identical gas mixtures where nitrogen is used in place of helium where heliox has one-sixth of the density of the nitrogen oxygen mixture (2010, p.30). This inclusion of a high percentage of helium in the heliox gas mixture is influenced by the low-density property in comparison to nitrogen rather than medical effects or hazards. However, even though heliox has no adverse effects on the patient, Hess and Chatmonqkolchart (2000) maintain that it has adverse effects on the functioning of the respiratory care facilities and equipment (p.161) including function monitors for pulmonary, ventilators, nebulizers, and flow meters. Role of the Respiratory Therapist In case of heliox therapy, respiratory therapists are important. They make decisions on whether the therapy should be administered to patients. In an effective use of heliox therapy, therapists have to address the question of whether the physiologic problem revealed by patients can be treated at least in the short term before medicinal interventions are introduced through heliox therapy or a combination of various therapeutic interventions. The chart below shows how therapists go about administering the therapy for asthmatic people. Source: Reuben Harris (2004) From the chart above, respiratory therapists can play proactive roles in the diagnosis of the condition of the patient to determine the necessity of conducting other therapeutic interventions for patients with acute asthma before proceeding to the administration of hel iox therapy[1]. Respiratory therapists also determine patients’ heliox requirements. This helps in the determination of the right volumes of the heliox gas mixture that is necessary for administration to meet the requirements of patients. The chart also evidences that the process of asthma treatment entails decision-making processes based on the condition of patients. Such decisions require human decision-making interfaces. The respiratory therapist can only play this role. Conclusion Persons suffering from acute asthma require a breathing aid to minimize WOB, which is caused by increased mechanical load on the respiratory system muscles. While there are different therapeutic interventions to help in the achievement of this goal, the paper focused on the heliox therapy. Use of heliox therapy has been in the medical filed in 1930s. Although it was first deployed in the treatment of asthma, it has found other applications such as the treatment of COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmo nary Disease) and bronchiolitis. The therapy involves deployment of helium as the oxygen carrier gas. Compared to air or nitrogen-oxygen gas mixture, helium-oxygen gas mixture in the ratio of 80:20 or 79:21 has low density. Hence, it results in low resistances of flow in large air passages where the flow resistance is directly related to the density. In such passages, the flow is mainly turbulent. Reduction in resistance of flow results in low WOB. This has an effect of immense relief to patients with breathing difficulties associated with asthma and brokerage of large air passages due to infections such as tumors. Although heliox therapy has no side effects in patients, the study revealed some technical difficulties associated with it together with looking for cost effective approaches to produce heliox gas mixture. Such approaches are necessary before the therapy can become common and/or a quick alternative in all hospitals across the globe. Reference List Allan, P., Thomas, K., et al. (2009). Feasibility of Noninvasive Ventilation with Helium-Oxygen Gas Flow for Chronic Obstruction Pulmonary Disease during Exercise. Respiratory care, 54(9), 1175-1182. Brandao, D., Britto, M. et al. (2011). Heliox and forwards- leaning posture improve the efficacy of Nebulized bronchodilator in acute Asthma: a randomized trial. Respiratory Care, 56(7), 947-952. Chevrolet, J. (2001). Helium Oxygen Mixtures in the Intensive Care Unit. Critical Care, 5(4), 179-181. Gupta, V., Grayck, E., Cheifetz, I. (2004). Heliox administration during high frequency jet ventilation Augments carbon dioxide clearance. Respiratory Care, 49(9), 1038-1044. Hess, D., Chatmonqkolchart, S. (2000). Techniques to Avoid Intubation: Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation and Heliox Therapy. Int Anesthesiol Clin, 38(3), 161-187. Hess, D., Fink, J., Venkataraman, S., Kim, I., Myers, T., Tano, B. (2006). The History and Physics of Heliox. Respiratory Care, 51(6), 602-612. Hunt, T., Wiliams, M., Frit h, P., Schembri, D. (2010). Heliox, Dyspnoea and Exercise in COPD. European Respiratory Review, 19(115), 30-39. Hurford, W., Cheifetz, I. (2007). Should Heliox Be Used for Mechanically Ventilated Patients? Respiratory Care, 52(5), 582-591. Hyldegaard, O., Kerem, D., Melamed, Y. (2011). Effects of Breathing Gas Shifts from Air to Heliox Mixtures on Resolution of Air Bubbles in Lipid and Aqueous Tissues of Recompressed rats. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 111(9), 2183-2193. Kneyber, M., Heerde, M., Twisk, J., Ploz, F., Markhors, D. (2009). Heliox reduces respiratory system resistance in respiratory syncytial virus induced respiratory failure. Critical Care 13(3), 1-15. Myers, T. (2006). Use of Heliox in Children. Respiratory Care, 51 (6), 619-631. Palange, P., Valli, G. et al. (2004). Effects of Heliox on Lungs Dynamic Hyperinflation, Dyspnea, and Exercise Endurance Capacity in COPD Patients. Journal of Applied Psychology, 9(7), 1637-1642. Randsoe, T., Kvist, M., Hyldeg aard, O. (2008). Effect of oxygen and heliox breathing on air bubbles in adipose tissue during 25-kPa altitude exposures. Journal of Applied Physiology, 10(5), 1492-1497. Reuben, A., Harris, A. (2004). Heliox for asthma in the emergency department: a review of the literature. Emergency Medicine, 21(1), 131-5. Venkataraman, S. (2006). Heliox during Mechanical Ventilation. Respiratory Care, 51(6), 632-639. Yilmaz, S., Daglioglu, K., Yildizdas, D et al. (2013). The effectiveness of Heliox in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Annals of Thoracic Medicine, 8(1), 46-52. Footnotes Therapists play incredible roles in the process of evaluation of the requisite intervention by considering the appropriateness of various alternatives in the context of cost considerations and the condition of the patient prompting the administration of a therapy

Identify the UK legislation that attempts to protect employees against Essay

Identify the UK legislation that attempts to protect employees against discrimination and promotes equal opportunities in the UK - Essay Example Diversity management on the level of the organization would need readjustment of company policies according to the new law. The latest legislation that aims to promote equality and anti-discrimination is the Equality Act of 2010 (Equality Act 2010). This Act is a comprehensive legislation that brings together and harmonises the different laws on equality and discrimination. It supercedes in whole or in part other laws such as the Race Relations Act 1976, Disability Discrimination Act 1995 (Equality Act, ACAS n.d.), Sex Discrimination Act 1975, Sexual Orientation Regulations 2003, Religion or Belief Regulations 2003 (Introduction to Discrimination n.d.), Equality Act 2006, and Civil Partnership Act 2004 (Equality Act, Home Office n.d.). The Act also enhanced protection in specific situations (Equality Act, Home Office n.d.). The law specifically identified the characteristics that should be protected such as age, disability, gender reassignment, marriage and civil partnership, race, r eligion or belief, sex, and sexual orientation (Equality Act 2010). This categorisation simplifies the law and designed to ensure a fair environment.

Artifact 12.2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Artifact 12.2 - Essay Example Initially started by the Romans, ornate columns are greatly reflected in the contemporary American society. Apart from being used as support for buildings, ornate columns are currently used for construction of elegant designs on American buildings. Similar to modern styles reflected in contemporary architecture, Romans had a variety of styles; ionic, Doric, and Corinthian (Andrea 2007). Even though Doric columns were initially made of wood, their design has evolved and recent ones are made of stone. In the modern American society, columns are used for their simple design and excellent support in a building. Jewish life-styles, patterns of social interactions, and identities are apparently reflected in the modern American society. This is reflected in the emergence and development of American Reform Judaism that was modeled along Jewish traditions whose institutional functioning and philosophy females considerably occupied a greater position. The entrepreneurial culture reflected on the modern American society is a function of the traditional Jewish culture. Jewish culture has considerably influenced the manner in which modern Americans view the concept of a woman. This has increased the acceptance of the concept of womanhood in public representations. This is reflected in the election and nomination of women to senior government

Market rearch business plan with payback Assignment

Market rearch business plan with payback - Assignment Example Additionally, they are able to execute and provide accurate results and industry specific data that is important to their customers even before a proper deal is designed. The table below shows a list of leading competitors, rank, price, and their performance. At the beginning, the company will have 5 employees. I Dennis James will be the director; mandated to oversee the operations of the company. Other positions will include Mr. John Musapere as the marketing person, Kevin Bright as the Finance Officer, Carl Mix as the Personnel Director, Fred Martins as the Logistics Officer, and Mr. John Mark as the Chief Executive Officer. The future plan for the company is to develop and new marketing people by the second year. Upon the beginning of the company, the primary marketing person will be Mr. John Musapere, but will change when the revenue ascends, and the firm will be in a position to cash in human capital. Consequently, the company will have a marketing strategy that will be focussed on the prior needs analysis. The aim of the process will be to identify the needs of the client. After mapping out this, MemaTech Company will determine mechanisms to implement these

AC DC Three Phase Generators

AC DC Three Phase Generators Aims and Objectives The main objective of this report is to describe the investigation into operating characteristics of AC-DC Three-Phase generators and motors. The following subjects must be covered in this report for it to successfully document the investigation, these subjects will be constructed using a series of lab experiments and learner comments:- Operating characteristics of DC and AC generators supplying resistive, capacitive and inductive loads. Relationship between speed, current, power factor, and efficiency of a cage induction motor, capacitor start induction motor, synchronous motor and DC motor. Analyse the results from each of the experiments done and provide graphical analysis of the results. Introduction/ Background It is well known that the most regular type of power to be generated around the world is three phase AC. The reasons being are:- Three phase power is needed for the use of the most efficient types of industrial motors. It is considered to be the most efficient form of electrical energy to generate and distribute. Due to the performance of three phase, the size and weight of devices using it such as generators and motors are lower compared to devices using other power systems. Although it should be noted that the performance of an AC system is dependant on the power factor, not just the load in terms of current. In-order to successfully investigate the subject of AC vs. DC a total of six practical tests were completed, the practical tests will be documented in the following report and analysed. The tests completed:- AC induction motor torque-speed characteristics AC synchronous motor torque-speed characteristics AC capacitor start induction motor torque-speed characteristics DC motor torque-speed characteristics DC generator output characteristics AC generator output characteristics AC Induction Motor Test An induction motor is an asynchronous motor where through electromagnetic induction power is supplied to the rotating device. In some contexts an induction motor can be described as a rotating transformer because the stator can be shown to be the primary winding and the rotor as the secondary winding. Induction motors can be found regularly in industrial situations. Induction motors get their popularity from being rugged in construction, and from not having brushes. There is more than one design of induction motor a few examples are:- Squirrel Cage Rotor Motor Wound Rotor Motor Double Cage Rotor Motor Each of the above motor designs has its own merits; the type of motor to be used in this experiment is the cage rotor motor. Squirrel Cage Rotor Motor:- A cage induction motor rotor shown in the illustration below consists of a series of conducting bars laid into slots carved into the face of the rotor and shorted at either end by large shorting rings. The design is known as the cage rotor because of the conducting bars, if examined they can be seen to look like a squirrel or hamsters exercise wheel. 1Squirrel Cage Motor Construction Test The purpose of this test was to find the torque-speed characteristics of an AC induction motor. The characteristics that will be analysed against torque are:- Speed Current Output Power Power Factor Efficiency The basic idea behind the test, the motor is run at full speed and is connected to a brake unit. The brake unit can be adjusted to make the motor produce more or less amounts of torque. Starting at low motor torque, readings of current voltage and power are taken, then readings continue to be taken all they way to near stalling point. The test equipment is as follows:- Circuit Diagram for Cage Rotor Induction Motor Test:- Block Diagram To further explain and simplify, a block diagram of the test is included below. This shows exactly how the system operates. Brake Motor Three Phase Supply Torque Control Speed (rev/min) Ammeter, volt meter, watt meter Test Procedure A completely extensive test procedure can be found in the appendix taken from the Student Guide of TecQuipment Electrical Machines FH2 refer to appendix !!!. Results Table T.1 Torque (Nm) Speed (rev/min) Output Power (W) Wattmeter Wa (W) Wattmeter Wb (W) Input Power (W) Line Current (A) Line Voltage (V) Volt-Amperes (VA) Power Factor Efficiency (p.u.) 0.1 1500 15.708 80 0 80 0.35 245 148.52336 0.5386 0.1963495 0.2 1450 30.369 85 10 95 0.38 245 161.25393 0.5891 0.3196708 0.3 1450 45.553 95 20 115 0.4 245 169.74098 0.6775 0.3961139 0.4 1440 60.319 100 30 130 0.42 245 178.22803 0.7294 0.4639891 0.5 1425 74.613 110 40 150 0.45 245 190.9586 0.7855 0.4974188 0.6 1400 87.965 120 50 170 0.5 245 212.17622 0.8012 0.5174388 0.7 1390 101.89 130 60 190 0.55 245 233.39385 0.8141 0.5362754 0.8 1360 113.94 145 65 210 0.57 245 241.8809 0.8682 0.5425481 0.9 1350 127.23 160 80 240 0.65 245 275.82909 0.8701 0.5301438 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 The values for output power, volt-amperes, input power, power factor and efficiency were calculated using the following relationships:- Problems:- Before the results are expressed in graphical form and commented on, the report discusses any problems that occurred during the lab experiment. Only one major issue occurred during the induction motor test. The fault was due to a wiring error. A link was missing on one of the watt meters which caused the motor to single phase and not rotate. It was easy to see that it was single phasing because the current measured for one of the phases was zero, indicating an open circuit somewhere. The link was quickly replaced and the test could begin. Graphical Analysis:- Now the report illustrates the results in the table T.1 in a graphical form, to make comparison the results from the test equipment manufacture have been included as a guide. Speed vs. Torque The above graph shows the relationship between speed and torque, it shows that at a low torque the speed is at its maximum but as the torque increases the adverse happens to the speed. This is expected because increasing the torque of the motor is adding more mechanical load, thus slowing the motor down. 2Manufactures graph of Speed versus Torque (Cage Induction Motor) The graph above is a representation of the results that the manufacturer of the test machines gives as a guide. It is possible to see that from a torque of 0.1Nm to 0.9Nm the results are similar to the report authors. The torque was not taken any higher than 0.9Nm in the authors test as stalling the motor was not a desired outcome. Output Power vs. Torque This graph shows the relationship of output power versus torque taken from the lab results in table T.1; it has an obvious linear upward trend. It is expected that the output power increases as more load is put on the motor, because the motor has to work harder to maintain rotation. 3Manufactures graph of Output Power versus Torque (Cage Induction Motor) The manufactures results also share the same upward trend as the authors, but again the manufacture has taken the results past 0.9Nm and taken the motor into a stalling condition. Line Current versus Torque The graph above shows the results of torque against line current, a good upward trend is visible. This indicates that as the torque increases so does the line current, this again is due to the increase in load on the motor. 4Manufactures graph of Line Current versus Torque (Cage Induction Motor) The guide results from the manufacture complement the results that the author recorded. A steady rise is shown from around 0.35-0.4A to 0.6-0.7A at about 0.9Nm. Power Factor versus Torque The graph is showing the results from the practical lab experiment, the calculated power factor versus the torque. It can be seen from the upward trend of the graph that as the torque of the motor increases, so does the power factor. It will be later seen in the report that because the power factor increases with torque so will the efficiency. 5Manufactures graph of Power Factor versus Torque (Cage Induction Motor) The guide results above show similarities with the results gained through practical lab experiments. Torque vs. Efficiency The graph is showing the relationship between efficiency and torque, the efficiency increases as the torque does, this is expected because the output power increases with the torque. The peak efficiency occurs at around 0.75-0.8Nm after which the efficiency starts to reduce. 6Manufactures graph of Efficiency versus Torque (Cage Induction Motor) The graph above shows the relationship of torque and efficiency, the manufactures results show a similar trend to that of the authors. The results from the manufactures show more of the downward trend after 0.8Nm to eventually stalling point. Conclusion Overall the results acquired through practical experiment show encouraging results, both towards theory and also towards the manufactures guide results. Some of the graphs could have been a more steady results but it is not possible to get perfect results on something like this without doing the test many more times and taking average values. The trends do illustrate what is expected, so this means the equipment was set up correctly, and the test was carried out uniformly to manufactures guidelines. The induction motor is capable of supplying torque when needed but it will not maintain a constant speed. AC Synchronous Motor Test The major characteristic of a synchronous motor is that it stays at a constant speed regardless of no load or full load. Under certain conditions they can produce a power factor that is capable of correcting a low power factor from an inductive load. A common use for a synchronous motor is to drive a DC generator. They come in all sizes from small to thousands of horsepower. The synchronous motor works by the application of three-phase AC power to the stator which causes a rotating magnetic field. The rotor sits inside this magnetic field, and is energised with a DC voltage. The rotating magnetic field of the stator attracts the rotor magnetic field caused by the DC voltage, and a strong rotating force is then imposed on the rotor shaft. This is one of the disadvantages of the synchronous motor, it needs a DC excitation voltage to start without this the rotor will not start turning. This characteristic causes the motor to have poor starting torque, most of its torque is when it is running at synchronous speed. 7Showing the parts making up a synchronous motor Test The purpose of this test was to find the torque-speed characteristics of an AC synchronous motor. The characteristics that will be analysed against torque are:- Current Output Power Power Factor Efficiency Speed has not been considered because of the way the motor operates, a constant speed should be apparent throughout the test. In the test the motor is ran at full speed, and an adjustable brake unit will control the levels of torque the motor produces. Measurements of current, voltage and power are taken at low to high torque points to get the torque characteristics of the motor. Test Equipment:- Circuit Diagram for Synchronous Motor Test:- Block Diagram To further explain and simplify, a block diagram of the test is included below. This shows exactly how the system operates. Three Phase Supply Brake Motor DC Rotor Supply Torque Control Speed (rev/min) Ammeter, volt meter, watt meter Test Procedure The test procedure that was followed can be found in the appendix taken from the Student Guide of TecQuipment Electrical Machines FH2, refer to appendix!!!. Results Table T.2 Torque (Nm) Speed (rev/min) Output Power (W) Wattmeter Wa (W) Wattmeter Wb (W) Input Power (W) Line Current (A) Line Voltage (V) Volt-Amperes (VA) Power Factor Effieciency (p.u.) 0 1500 0 0 4 4 0.05 245 21.21762 0.1885 0 0.05 1500 7.854 0 8 8 0.05 245 21.21762 0.377 0.981748 0.1 1500 15.71 0 10 10 0.05 245 21.21762 0.4713 1.570796 0.2 1500 31.42 10 12 22 0.05 245 21.21762 1.0369 1.427997 0.3 1500 47.12 20 20 40 0.1 245 42.43524 0.9426 1.178097 0.4 1500 62.83 30 30 60 0.15 245 63.65287 0.9426 1.047198 0.5 1500 78.54 38 39 77 0.2 245 84.87049 0.9073 1.019998 0.6 1500 94.25 50 46 96 0.25 245 106.0881 0.9049 0.981748 0.7 1500 110 55 52 107 0.25 245 106.0881 1.0086 1.027624 0.8 1500 125.7 60 65 125 0.3 245 127.3057 0.9819 1.00531 0.9 1500 141.4 70 72 142 0.35 245 148.5234 0.9561 0.995575 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 The values for output power, volt-amperes, input power, power factor and efficiency are calculated using the following relationships:- Graphical Analysis:- The report now includes graphical representation of the results table T.2; the guide graphs from the TecQuipment the machine manufacture have been included to compare result reliability. Output Power vs. Torque The above shows the relationship between torque and output power, it can be seen that as the torque produced increases so does the output power. This outcome is expected because the motor has to turn a greater load and remain at a constant speed. 8Manufactures graph of Output Power versus Torque (Synchronous Motor) The manufactures graph also shows the output power increasing with the torque. Line Current versus Torque The line current in this graph is taking an upwards trend indicating as the torque produced is increased so does the line current. The motor is working harder to produce more torque and therefore putting more load on the line. 9Manufactures graph of Line current versus Torque (Synchronous Motor) The manufactures graph shows a smoothing increase in line current against torque but does compare with the results gained from the test. Power Factor versus Torque The power factor in this graph is shown to increase to a level above 0.8 very quickly and stays there till the end of the test (0.9Nm). Synchronous motors normally run at a very good power factor close to unity, and this is represented in the results from the test. 10Manufactures graph of Power Factor versus Torque (Synchronous Motor) The manufactures guide graph shows a similar trend to that of the report authors. Efficiency vs. Torque The above graph showing the relationship of torque and efficiency shows a really good level of efficiency produced by the motor, but the trend is not very reliable as it would not be expected to go past 1. Synchronous motors do have good efficiency higher than that of induction motors. 11Manufactures graph of Efficiency versus Torque (Synchronous Motor) The manufactures graph shows a much more reliable trend of efficiency of the synchronous motor, but it does still show that the motor is very efficient. Conclusion The results for this test could have been better and if the test was to be repeated then more effort would be made to get better measurements. Although with this in mind the graphs do show what is expected from a synchronous motor in terms of torque characteristics. In comparison to the induction motor, the synchronous motor has improved characteristics of:- Less load in terms of current on the line. Better Power factor (closer to unity) Better Efficiency It would be interesting to find out the difference in starting torque capacity of the two motors because the induction motor would be expected to have a greater starting torque than the synchronous, based on the research into the operation of these two types of motor. AC Capacitor Start Induction Motor Test The most common AC induction motor in use today is probably the single phase induction motor. The reasons for this are that they require little maintenance, and are the least expensive. In the single phase AC induction motor the stator magnetic field does not rotate, it simply alternates polarity as a result of the AC voltage changing polarity. Through magnetic induction a voltage is induced in the rotor, however this alone will not cause the motor to turn. This is why starting methods are needed for single phase AC induction motors. Capacitor Start In this type of induction motor the stator is made up of a main winding and a starting winding. The starting winding is connected in series with a capacitor, which offers between the two windings a phase difference of 90 degrees. The result when the motor is started is that between the two windings a rotating magnetic field is created and is enough to start the motor. Once nearly full speed occurs then a speed sensitive switch cuts out the starting winding and the motor runs as a single phase motor. In this way of starting the starting winding is not designed to give the motor high starting torque and so only small motors can use this system. Test The purpose of this test was to find the torque-speed characteristics of an AC induction motor. The characteristics that will be analysed against torque are:- Speed Current Output Power Power Factor Efficiency The basic idea behind the test, the motor is run at full speed and is connected to a brake unit. The brake unit can be adjusted to make the motor produce more or less amounts of torque. Starting at low motor torque, readings of current voltage and power are taken, then readings continue to be taken all they way to near stalling point. Test Equipment:- Circuit Diagram for Synchronous Motor Test:- Block Diagram To further explain and simplify, a block diagram of the test is included below. This shows exactly how the system operates. Brake Motor Three Phase Supply Torque Control Speed (rev/min) Ammeter, volt meter, watt meter Test Procedure An extensive test procedure can be found in the appendix taken from the Student Guide of TecQuipment Electrical Machines FH2 refer to appendix !!!. Results Table T.3 Torque (Nm) Speed (rev/min) Output Power (W) Input Power (W) Supply Current (A) Line Voltage (V) Volt-Amperes (VA) Power Factor Effieciency (p.u.) 0.1 1450 15.18 250 1.7 245 416.5 0.6 0.0607375 0.2 1450 30.37 290 1.75 245 428.75 0.676 0.1047198 0.3 1450 45.55 310 1.8 245 441 0.703 0.1469455 0.4 1448 60.65 330 1.81 245 443.45 0.744 0.183799 0.5 1425 74.61 355 1.9 245 465.5 0.763 0.210177 0.6 1400 87.96 390 1.97 245 482.65 0.808 0.2255502 0.7 1390 101.9 421 2.05 245 502.25 0.838 0.2420245 0.8 1350 113.1 470 2.2 245 539 0.872 0.2406326 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 The values for output power, volt-amperes, input power, power factor and efficiency were calculated using the following relationships:- Problems:- Before the results are expressed in graphical form and commented on, the report discusses any problems that occurred during the lab experiment. Only one major issue occurred during the induction motor test. The fault was due to a wiring error. A link was missing on one of the watt meters which caused the motor to single phase and not rotate. It was easy to see that it was single phasing because the current measured for one of the phases was zero, indicating an open circuit somewhere. The link was quickly replaced and the test could begin. Graphical Analysis:- Now the report illustrates the results in the table T.1 in a graphical form, to make comparison the results from the test equipment manufacture have been included as a guide. Speed vs. Torque Supply Current versus Torque Power Factor versus Torque Efficiency vs. Torque Conclusion Overall the results acquired through practical experiment show encouraging results, both towards theory and also towards the manufactures guide results. Some of the graphs could have been a more steady result but it is not possible to get perfect results on something like this without doing the test many more times and taking average values. The trends do illustrate what is expected, so this means the equipment was set up correctly, and the test was carried out uniformly to manufactures guidelines. DC Motor Test The working principle behind any DC motor is the attraction and repulsion of magnets. The simplest motors use electromagnets on a shaft, with permanent magnets in the case of the motor that attract and repel the electromagnets. The reason for using electromagnets is so that it is possible to flip their magnetic field (their north and south poles). So the electromagnet is attracted to one of the permanent magnets. As soon as it reaches the permanent magnet, its north and south poles flip so that it is repelled from that magnet and attracted to the other permanent magnet. This video shows you the parts and how they fit together: Test The purpose of this test was to find the torque-speed characteristics of an AC induction motor. The characteristics that will be analysed against torque are:- Speed Current Efficiency The basic idea behind the test, the motor is run at full speed and is connected to a brake unit. The brake unit can be adjusted to make the motor produce more or less amounts of torque. Starting at low motor torque, readings of current voltage and power are taken, then readings continue to be taken all they way to near stalling point. Test Equipment:- Circuit Diagram for DC Motor Test:- Block Diagram To further explain and simplify, a block diagram of the test is included below. This shows exactly how the system operates. Brake Motor Three Phase Supply Torque Control Speed (rev/min) Ammeter, volt meter, watt meter Test Procedure An extensive test procedure can be found in the appendix taken from the Student Guide of TecQuipment Electrical Machines FH2 refer to appendix !!!. Results Table T.4 Torque (Nm) Speed (rev/min) Voltage (V) Current (A) Input Power (W) Output Power (W) Efficiency (p.u.) 0.05 4600 104 0.55 57.2 24.085544 0.421075938 0.1 3900 104 0.65 67.6 40.840704 0.604152433 0.15 3200 104 0.75 78 50.265482 0.644429262 0.2 2800 104 0.9 93.6 58.643063 0.626528449 0.25 2600 104 1 104 68.067841 0.654498469 0.3 2300 104 1.15 119.6 72.256631 0.604152433 0.35 2100 104 1.2 124.8 76.96902 0.616738942 0.4 1900 104 1.35 140.4 79.587014 0.566859073 0.45 1800 104 1.5 156 84.823002 0.54373719 0.5 1600 104 1.6 166.4 83.775804 0.503460361 0.55 1500 104 1.7 176.8 86.393798 0.488652703 0.6 1400 104 1.85 192.4 87.964594 0.457196436 0.65 1300 104 1.9 197.6 88.488193 0.447814742 0.7 1250 104 2.1 218.4 91.629786 0.419550301 0.75 1200 104 2.15 223.6 94.24778 0.421501698 The values for output power, volt-amperes, input power, power factor and efficiency were calculated using the following relationships:- Problems:- Before the results are expressed in graphical form and commented on, the report discusses any problems that occurred during the lab experiment. Only one maj

U.S. Marshall Matt Dillon as the Ideal American :: American Culture Essays

U.S. Marshall Matt Dillon as the Ideal American The old-west lawman is an American hero and represents the ideals of American society. He is immediately thought of when one contemplates strength of character and other fine qualities. As an irreplaceable part of American tradition, his characteristics are looked upon as a model to all other Americans. Much of what is known about the old-west lawman comes from stories of fiction one of these being the radio program Gunsmoke. Matt Dillon, a U.S. Marshall, plays the lead role in this favorite American radio series. In each episode he beats the odds as he protects his home of Dodge City. Demonstrating the qualities of the old-west lawman, Matt Dillon, of Gunsmoke, is trusting, respectful, and courageous. Even with all that is bad in the world, Dillon is still quick to trust. Unlike so many others, who automatically believe the worst about people, Dillon easily trusts a persons word. In the episode Potato Road Dillon gives Budge the benefit of the doubt even though he seems a little fishy. In the episode Robber Bride Groom, Dillon allows Jack and Laura, both of whom he had arrested, to leave town, because he trusted that they would do what is right. To support Dillons judgment, the listener is given no reason to consider that Jack and Laura wont live up to Dillons expectations. Even when others arent willing to trust people, Dillon is there to defend. For example, in The Liar from Blackhawk Dillon justifies his trust in the gunman traveling through town by saying: Hes a paid gunman, but Ive never known him to lie. In Dillons eyes everyone is innocent until proven guilty. This trust allows others to trust Dillon - if he has trust in you, why shouldnt you have trust in him. Respect if something you must first give before one can receive it, and U.S. Marshal Matt Dillon lives by this principle. In Potato Road when Dillons sidekick, Chester, helps him save themselves and the town, Dillon is quick to give credit to Chester. Dillon himself is humble as he thanks Chester for his quick thinking and hard work. It could be considered easy to respect people who have just saved your life, however it shows trust strength of character to be respectful when someone is insulting you. Dillon displays this strength in Robber Bride Groom when Mr. Reeves demeans Dillon and his position as U.